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Configurarea Placii Video
In continuare veti afla cum sa configurati placa video pentru a putea rula serverul X
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In Linux, driverul placii video este o exceptie in ceea ce priveste structura driverelor sub Linux. Mai exact, orice driver se afla in kernel.
Driverul pentru placa video este format din doua parti disctinte: Partea din kernel si partea din serverul X. Le voi dezbate pe fiecare in parte
In kernel va trebui sa aleget /dev/agpgart(AGP support) din caracter devices si Direct Rendering Manager(XFree86DRI support) daca aveti o placa care suporta asa ceva. Va trebui sa faceti apoi device-ul propriuzis folosind comanda:
mknod /dev/agpgart c 10 175
Aceasta a fost partea de Kernel. Partea a doua o reprezinta serverul X. Aici e ceva mai mult de spus. In primul rand va trebui sa sa va download-ati Serverul de X si driverele de la. Va recomand sa downloadati Xfree 4.1.0. Desi Xfree 4.2.0 este realizat de ceva vreme, totusi puteti avea neplaceri destul de mari.
Ar mai fi o posibilitate de instalare a serverului de X, si anume prin packages-uri(RPM,SPM,DEB etc). Aceasta e necesara daca lucrati cu packages-uri, pentru a nu avea probleme cu dependintele. De exemplu, daca instalati Xfree-ul sub forma care o gasiti la, nu veti putea instala un pachet care necesita xlibs, deoarece desi exista in sistem, managerul de rpm-uri nu-l are in baza de date. Asa ca sfatul meu este sa-l instalati in forma asta. Veti avea nevoie de urmatoarele pachete:
xlibs,libxaw6,libxaw7,x-window-system-core,xbase-clients,xfwp,xlib6g,xlibmesa3, si xlibs-dev,libxaw6-dev,xlib6g-dev daca doriti sa compilati aplicatii bazate pe X.
Odata downloadat si instalat, serverul trebuie configurat. Multe distributii vin cu utlitare de configurare(ex RedHat vine cu Xconfigurator). Totusi cel mai indicat este sa folositi utilitarul care vine odata cu Xfree86, si anume xf86config, cel la care ma voi si referi in continuare.
Dupa excutarea comenzii xf86config vezi vedea urmatorul text:
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This program will create a basic XF86Config file, based on menu
selections you make.
The XF86Config file usually resides in /usr/X11R6/etc/X11 or /etc/X11. A
sample
XF86Config file is supplied with XFree86; it is configured for a standard
VGA card and monitor with 640x480 resolution. This program will ask for a
pathname when it is ready to write the file.
You can either take the sample XF86Config as a base and edit it for your
configuration, or let this program produce a base XF86Config file for your
configuration and fine-tune it.
Before continuing with this program, make sure you know what video card
you have, and preferably also the chipset it uses and the amount of video
memory on your video card. SuperProbe may be able to help with this.
Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.
-----------------------------------------
Acesta este ecranul introductiv al acestei aplicatii. Apasati ENTER pentru a continua. Urmatorul text va fi afisat:
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First specify a mouse protocol type. Choose one from the following list:
1. Microsoft compatible (2-button protocol)
2. Mouse Systems (3-button protocol)
3. Bus Mouse
4. PS/2 Mouse
5. Logitech Mouse (serial, old type, Logitech protocol)
6. Logitech MouseMan (Microsoft compatible)
7. MM Series
8. MM HitTablet
9. Microsoft IntelliMouse
If you have a two-button mouse, it is most likely of type 1, and if you have
a three-button mouse, it can probably support both protocol 1 and 2. There
are
two main varieties of the latter type: mice with a switch to select the
protocol, and mice that default to 1 and require a button to be held at
boot-time to select protocol 2. Some mice can be convinced to do 2 by
sending
a special sequence to the serial port (see the ClearDTR/ClearRTS options).
Enter a protocol number:
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Aceasta este sectiunea de configurare in care trebuie sa va alegeti mouse-ul. Trebuie sa fiti atenti la acest capitol, pentru ca daca mouse-ul nu este configurat corect, serverul X nu va porni. Daca aveti un mouse conectat la portul serial(COM1 sau COM2), alegeti 1 sau 2, in functie de cate butoane are. Daca mouse-ul este pe PS2 sau USB, va trebui sa alegeti optiunea 4. Asa ca tipariti cifra corespunzatoare mouse-ului pe care il aveti, si apoi apasati ENTER. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
-----------------------------------------
If your mouse has only two buttons, it is recommended that you enable
Emulate3Buttons.
Please answer the following question with either 'y' or 'n'.
Do you want to enable Emulate3Buttons?
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Daca mouse-ul pe care il detineti nu are 3 butoane scrieti y si apasati ENTER, altfel scrieti n si apasati ENTER. In cazul mouse-urilor cu 2 butoane, al treilea va fi emulat prin apasarea simultana a celor 2. In continuare va fi afisat urmatorul text:
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Now give the full device name that the mouse is connected to, for example
/dev/tty00. Just pressing enter will use the default, /dev/mouse.
Mouse device:
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Aici va trebui sa introduceti numele portului pe care se afla mouse-ul. Informatii detaliate despre cum Linux isi noteaza porturile veti gasi in tutorialul Structura datelor din sectiunea Elemente de baza. Mai jos sunt puse porturile pe care se conecteaza mouse-ul in general:
COM1 -------------- /dev/ttyS0
COM2 -------------- /dev/ttyS1
PS2 -------------- /dev/psaux
USB -------------- /dev/input/mouse0 sau /dev/input/mice
Scrieti port-ul corespunzator mouse-ului pe care il detineti si apasati ENTER. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
-----------------------------------------
XKB rules file '/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86' not found
Keyboard XKB options will be set to default values.
Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.
-----------------------------------------
Apasati ENTER pentru a continua. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
-----------------------------------------
Now we want to set the specifications of the monitor. The two critical
parameters are the vertical refresh rate, which is the rate at which the
the whole screen is refreshed, and most importantly the horizontal sync
rate,
which is the rate at which scanlines are displayed.
The valid range for horizontal sync and vertical sync should be documented
in the manual of your monitor. If in doubt, check the monitor database
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/Monitors to see if your monitor is there.
Press enter to continue, or ctrl-c to abort.
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In continuare sunteti setati ca veti configura monitorul. Aceasta operatie este foarte importanta, pentru ca in functie de monitorul ales veti putea rula anumite rezolutii. Apasati Enter pentru a continua. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
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You must indicate the horizontal sync range of your monitor. You can
either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range.
It is VERY IMPORTANT that you do not specify a monitor type with a
horizontal
sync range that is beyond the capabilities of your monitor. If in doubt,
choose a conservative setting.
hsync in kHz; monitor type with characteristic modes
1 31.5; Standard VGA, 640x480 @ 60 Hz
2 31.5 - 35.1; Super VGA, 800x600 @ 56 Hz
3 31.5, 35.5; 8514 Compatible, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced (no 800x600)
4 31.5, 35.15, 35.5; Super VGA, 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 800x600 @ 56
Hz
5 31.5 - 37.9; Extended Super VGA, 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 640x480 @ 72 Hz
6 31.5 - 48.5; Non-Interlaced SVGA, 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 800x600 @ 72 Hz
7 31.5 - 57.0; High Frequency SVGA, 1024x768 @ 70 Hz
8 31.5 - 64.3; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 60 Hz
9 31.5 - 79.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz
10 31.5 - 82.0; Monitor that can do 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz
11 Enter your own horizontal sync range
Enter your choice (1-11):
-----------------------------------------
Aici va trebui sa selectati monitorul cu performantele corespunzatoare monitorului pe care il detineti. Va recomand sa alegeti optiunea 6, astfel putand rula rezolutii de 1024*768 fara ca monitorul sa clipeasca. Daca aveti un monitor mai puternic alegeti un numar mai mare, iar daca aveti un monitor mai slab, alegeti un numar mai mic. Ideal ar fi sa introduceti manual parametrii, prin optiunea 11, insa nu cred ca ii cunoasteti exact, asa ca mai bine alegeti 6. Apasati numarul corespunzator monitorului dorit si apasati ENTER pentru a continua. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
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You must indicate the vertical sync range of your monitor. You can either
select one of the predefined ranges below that correspond to industry-
standard monitor types, or give a specific range. For interlaced modes,
the number that counts is the high one (e.g. 87 Hz rather than 43 Hz).
1 50-70
2 50-90
3 50-100
4 40-150
5 Enter your own vertical sync range
Enter your choice:
-----------------------------------------
Aici veti putea seta rata de refrash a monitorului. Aici e recomandat sa alegeti un numar cat mai mare. Eu va recomand sa alegeti 2 sau 3. Apasati enter dupa alegerea cifrei. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
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You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names.
The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your monitor definition:
-----------------------------------------
Aici puneti numele monitorului si modelul acestuia. De exemplu eu voi pune Daewoo 431X(firma producatoare si modelul). Nu este obligatoriu sa completati, insa la o editare manuala a fisierului de configurare va ajuta foarte mult. In continuare apasati ENTER. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
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Now we must configure video card specific settings. At this point you can
choose to make a selection out of a database of video card definitions.
Because there can be variation in Ramdacs and clock generators even
between cards of the same model, it is not sensible to blindly copy
the settings (e.g. a Device section). For this reason, after you make a
selection, you will still be asked about the components of the card, with
the settings from the chosen database entry presented as a strong hint.
The database entries include information about the chipset, what driver to
run, the Ramdac and ClockChip, and comments that will be included in the
Device section. However, a lot of definitions only hint about what driver
to run (based on the chipset the card uses) and are untested.
If you can't find your card in the database, there's nothing to worry about.
You should only choose a database entry that is exactly the same model as
your card; choosing one that looks similar is just a bad idea (e.g. a
GemStone Snail 64 may be as different from a GemStone Snail 64+ in terms of
hardware as can be).
Do you want to look at the card database?
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Acesta este locul unde va selectati placa video propriu-zis. Apasati y si apoi ENTER ca sa treceti la urmatorul ecran. Ca sa va aflati numele exact la placii video scrieti lspci in consola si cautati in textul afisat. Ar trebui sa gasiti ceva de genul "01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Rage Mobility P/M AGP 2x (rev 64)". In continuare voi afisa lista cu toate modelele de placi disponibile in Xfree 4.1.0
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0 2 the Max MAXColor S3 Trio64V+ S3 Trio64V+
1 2-the-Max MAXColor 6000 ET6000
2 3DLabs Oxygen GMX PERMEDIA 2
3 928Movie S3 928
......................
534 WinFast S200 ET4000/W32(i/p)
535 WinFast S430 S3 968
536 WinFast S510 S3 968
537 XGA-1 (ISA bus) XGA-1
538 XGA-2 (ISA bus) XGA-2
-----------------------------------------
Este mica probabilitatea sa nu gasiti si placa pe care o detineti in lista de mai sus. Alegeti cifra corespunzatoare si apasati ENTER. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
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Now you must give information about your video card. This will be used
for the "Device" section of your video card in XF86Config.
You must indicate how much video memory you have. It is probably a good
idea to use the same approximate amount as that detected by the server you
intend to use. If you encounter problems that are due to the used server
not supporting the amount memory you have (e.g. ATI Mach64 is limited to
1024K with the SVGA server), specify the maximum amount supported by the
server.
How much video memory do you have on your video card:
1 256K
2 512K
3 1024K
4 2048K
5 4096K
6 Other
Enter your choice:
-----------------------------------------
Aici trebuie sa indicati memoria placii video pe care o detineti in kb. Tineti minte ca 1MB=1024kb. Faceti calculul, alegeti 6 daca aveti o placa cu mai mult de 4 mb RAM, apasati ENTER, apoi introduceti cifra obtinuta si apasati iar ENTER. Urmatorul ecran va fi afisat:
-----------------------------------------
You must now enter a few identification/description strings, namely an
identifier, a vendor name, and a model name. Just pressing enter will fill
in default names (possibly from a card definition).
The strings are free-form, spaces are allowed.
Enter an identifier for your video card definition:
-----------------------------------------
Aici vi se cere numele Placii Video. Puteti sa nu il completati si sa apasati ENTER, insa in cazul unei editari manuale a fisierului de configurare va va fi de un real ajutor completarea acestui camp. Asa ca va recomand sa il completati. Dupa ce ati facut asta, apasati ENTER. Vi se va cere sa setati modurile grafice.
Presupunand ca aveti o placa video medie (care sa poata afisa 800X600) cu o adancime de 16 biti a culorilor, introduceti urmatoarele setari(dupa fiecare cifra va trebui sa dai enter):
1 3 n
2 3 n
3 3 n
4
Apoi alegeti adancimea culorilor pe care o preferati. si apasati ENTER. Veti fi intrebati in final daca fisierul XF86Config trebuie scris(acest fisier se afla in general in /etc/X11/XF86Config). Apasati y. Acum aveti un server X configurat. Daca rulati deja serverul, dati logout daca suneti logat si apasati apoi Ctrl+Brake pentru a reporni serverul. Daca serverul nu mai pleaca, inseamna ca e ceva gresit in configuratie. Asa ca reluati configuratia si dati comanda X pentru a testa daca serverul funcitoneaza.
Mult succes!
_______________________________________
------ eVoLuTiOn ------
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